systole -contraction.
diastole -relaxation.
cardiac cycle-
mechanical changes occurring in the heart between two successive beats.
-duration-0.8 sec
events:-
Arterial systole:-0.1 sec
arterial diastole-0.7sec
ventricular systole-0.3sec
ventricular diastole-0.5 sec
arterial systole:-
only 30% of ventricular filling occurs.
-a wave in IVP appears
-0.1sec
arterial diastole-
-0.7 sec
-atria relaxes
*ventricular systole:-0.3 sec
-isovolumetric ventricular contraction -0.05 sec
-rapid ejection phase-0.10 sec
-slow ejection phase.-0.15 sec
*tricuspid & mitral valve closes by producing first heart sound.
*all 4 valves have closed and ventricles contract as a closed chamber.
*pressure increases but volume remains the same
*rapid ejection phase:-0.10 sec
-pressure in the ventricle increases rapidly
-aorta and pulmonary valve opens.
-the aortic valve opens when the pressure in the left ventricle increases more than aortic pressure (80 mmHg)
-pulmonary valve opens when the right ventricular pressure becomes more than the pulmonary artery(25mmhg)
-blood flows into the aorta and pulmonary artery.
when the ventricle contract it pushes tricuspid valve into right atrium -c wave in JVP
*slow ejection phase-0.15sec
-at the end of this phase aortic and pulmonary valve closed.
*stroke volume:-
amount of blood pumped out of each ventricle-90 ml.
8 end-diastole volume:-
-amount of blood remaining in the heart at the end of diastole -130 ml.
*end-systolic volume:-
-amount of blood remaining in the heart at the end-systole -40 ml
*ventricular diastole;-
-protodiastole -0.04sec
-isovolumetric relaxation -0.08sec
-first rapid filling phase -0.1sec
-diastasis 0.2 sec
-last rapid filling phase -0.1sec
*proto diastole:-
at the end of systole ventricular pressure falls rapidly and decreases below aortic and pulmonary pressure.
-aortic pressure and pulmonary valves closed and produce second wave sound- this is protodiastole.
*isovolumetric relaxation phase -
-all four valves are closed.
volume remains the same but the pressure decreases.
atrium in the diastole has been filling with blood.
\
*rapid ventricular filling
-pressure in atria more than ventricle
-ventricles get filled with blood
-reduce ventricular filling.
-The rest of the blood that has accumulated in the atria flows thoroughly in the ventricles.
due to continues venous return filling of both atria and ventricles
diastole -relaxation.
cardiac cycle-
mechanical changes occurring in the heart between two successive beats.
-duration-0.8 sec
events:-
Arterial systole:-0.1 sec
arterial diastole-0.7sec
ventricular systole-0.3sec
ventricular diastole-0.5 sec
arterial systole:-
only 30% of ventricular filling occurs.
-a wave in IVP appears
-0.1sec
arterial diastole-
-0.7 sec
-atria relaxes
*ventricular systole:-0.3 sec
-isovolumetric ventricular contraction -0.05 sec
-rapid ejection phase-0.10 sec
-slow ejection phase.-0.15 sec
*tricuspid & mitral valve closes by producing first heart sound.
*all 4 valves have closed and ventricles contract as a closed chamber.
*pressure increases but volume remains the same
*rapid ejection phase:-0.10 sec
-pressure in the ventricle increases rapidly
-aorta and pulmonary valve opens.
-the aortic valve opens when the pressure in the left ventricle increases more than aortic pressure (80 mmHg)
-pulmonary valve opens when the right ventricular pressure becomes more than the pulmonary artery(25mmhg)
-blood flows into the aorta and pulmonary artery.
when the ventricle contract it pushes tricuspid valve into right atrium -c wave in JVP
*slow ejection phase-0.15sec
-at the end of this phase aortic and pulmonary valve closed.
*stroke volume:-
amount of blood pumped out of each ventricle-90 ml.
8 end-diastole volume:-
-amount of blood remaining in the heart at the end of diastole -130 ml.
*end-systolic volume:-
-amount of blood remaining in the heart at the end-systole -40 ml
*ventricular diastole;-
-protodiastole -0.04sec-isovolumetric relaxation -0.08sec
-first rapid filling phase -0.1sec
-diastasis 0.2 sec
-last rapid filling phase -0.1sec
*proto diastole:-
at the end of systole ventricular pressure falls rapidly and decreases below aortic and pulmonary pressure.
-aortic pressure and pulmonary valves closed and produce second wave sound- this is protodiastole.
*isovolumetric relaxation phase -
-all four valves are closed.
volume remains the same but the pressure decreases.
atrium in the diastole has been filling with blood.
\
*rapid ventricular filling
-pressure in atria more than ventricle
-ventricles get filled with blood
-reduce ventricular filling.
-The rest of the blood that has accumulated in the atria flows thoroughly in the ventricles.
due to continues venous return filling of both atria and ventricles
#heart sound:-
are caused due to the dynamics of blood flow
due to valvular vascular and muscular vibration
-there are four heart sound -1 st and 2nd audible
*1st heart sound:character: low pitch, longer
duration:0.1-0.17sec
frequency:24-45 sec
caused due to closure of AV valves
-at the beginning of isovolumic ventricular systole
-sound like lubb
-better heard in tricuspid and mitral area
* 2nd heart sound: high pitch, shorter duration
:duration:0.1-0.14sec
frequency:50/sec
caused due to the closure of the aortic and pulmonary valve.
-at the beginning of ventricular diastole.
-sounds like DUP
-better heard in aortic and pulmonary area
3rd heart sound: Heard during ventricular diastole.
due to rapid filling of the ventricle
-not audible
-can be recorded through phonocardiogram
-rapid ventricular filling causes vibration of the ventricular wall.
-maybe heard in children or people with thin chest wall
-low intensity.
*4th sound:-not heard in normal subjects
-only recorded.
-arterial systole causes vibration of the arterial wall, AV valves, and ventricular valves)
-just heard before 1st heart sound.
#*JVP:-
pressure changes in the right atrium reflected on to the internal jugular vein
-3 positive waves-a,c,y
-2negative waves-X and y
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