basal ganglia:-
a clusture of neuron in peripheral nerve system
-they are subcortical masses of grey matter.
-forms a part of extra pyramidal tract
location:-
located lateral to thalamus
-it is the center for voluntary activities when cerebral cortex is not well developed.
-in higher animal (humans)neocortex is well developed basal ganglion subserves to the cerebral cortex(motor cortex)
action:-
on motor cortex is tothalamus.
basal gaglion consist of following 5 nucleas
caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra.
function:-
initiate voluntary movements
-responsible for planning and programming of voluntary
-cognitive functions and scaning and timing of voluntary movement.
-regulate the automatic movement or associative movement(while walking movt of arms)
responsible for controlling group muscle like using in crying anger etc..
control and regulate muscle tone.
lesion of basal ganglia:-
-Parkinson's disease
-paralysis or tremors
cuase:-lesion in basal ganglia degeneration of substantia nigra
- decreased in secretion of dopamine
symptoms:-
-hypokinetic -absence of associated movement while walking.
-hyperkinetic movement-tremor at rest
-mask like face appearance /statue like face
-poverty of movement
-shuffling gait
-rigidity-log wheel rigidity,lead pipe rigidity
-cognitive function is lost.
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