Cardio vascular changes during respiration:-
Lung function test :-
Test to asses the lungs
1)spirometry:-
Spirometer is used to measure the lung volume and cPcities.
Spirogram- the graph obtained in the procedure of spirometry
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Lung volume:-
Tidal volume -volume of air inspired /expired=500 ml
In weak respiratory muscles TV is decreased
-during exercise TV increases
2)inspiratory reserve volume :-additional volume of air inspired beyond TV
=3100 ml
3)expiratory reserve volume:-additional volume of air expired beyond tv
1200 ml
Residual volume:-volume of airthat remains the lungs even after forceful expiration
1200 ml
-it prevent the total collapse of alveoli during expiration maintain po2 even between the breathing
Lung capacities:- the volume which obtained after adding 2 lungs
1)inspiratory capacity :-volume of air inspired after normal inspiration
IRV+TV=IC
300+500=3600ML
2)functional residual capacity:-volume of air present in lungs after normal expiration
ERV+RV=FRV
1200+1200=2400ml
3)vital capacity:-maximum volume of air expired forcefully after deep inspiration
IRV +ERV+TV=VC
3100+500+1200=4800ML
Variations:-
Physiological:-
Sex,age,smoking VC DECREASES,pregnancy VC decreasdes ,wind instrument,sedentary life style
Pathological:-pneumonia,asthma,bronchitis,kyphosis,scoliosis,pneumothorax,hemothorax
Significance of vital capacity:-
i)decies the physical fitness of individual
ii)diagnosis and prognosis of pulmonary disease can be assesed
iii)evaluation incase of occupational hazards
iv)selection of individual in sports events
v)to differentiate between obstructive and destructive disease
Time vital capacity:-vital capacity measured against time
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Total lung capacity=IRV=ERV=TV=RV
-inspiration at rest -total volume of air present in lung
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