hemoglobin:-

 hemoglobin:-

  • it ids the conjugated chromo protein present inside RBC
  • MCH- 27.32 pico gram
  • normal value.:-
    • male 15-17gm /dl
    • female -12 -15 gm /dl
    • newborn-18-20 gm/dl
  • STRUCTURE:-
    • haem(prostetic group) 4%==ferrous+protoporphyrin
    • globin(protein part 96 %===574 amino acid
  • biosnysthesis:-
    • starts at intermediate normablast stage
    • it continue and increase at 33 % in matured RBC  
  • function:
    • transport of o2 in the form of oxyheamoglobin
    • 1 gm  of heamoglobin carrying 1.34 ml of o2
    • transport of co2 in the form of carbimino Hb
    • buffering action. 
  • compounds of heamoglobin:
    • oxy Hb
    • carbamino Hb-= co2+ Hb
    • carboxy hb=co +Hb
    • glycosylated Hb=glucose+Hb
  • types of Hb
    • HbA-it is present in adults 
    • HbF- hb is in foetus -more affinity for O2
    • HbS:-Hb in sickle cell anemia
  • fate of Hb :-
    • hemolysis
      • release of Hb
        • heam (ferrous separate and stored in liver)+globin(degraded into Amino acid
    • protoporphyrin -converts to porphyrin converts to  bilirubin(lost in urine as urinebilinogen) and biliverdin(lost in stool as stercobilies)
  • jaundice_its the condition which there is  an increased concentration of  bile pigments 
    • normal value:_0.5-1.5mg/dl
    • more than  2mgm/dl cause jaundice
  • kernicterus-in new born jaundice due to deposition of excess of bile pigments in brain due to absence of blood brain barrier
  •  types of juandice:-
    • haemolytic jaundice caused by hemolysis
    • hepatic jaundice caused by hepatitis A,B,C 
    • post hepatic jaundice -there will be an obstruction in the flow of bile juice in to duodenum between gallbladder and duodenum

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