Oxygen transport
-o2 is loaded in blood at lungs
-unloading of o2 at tissues
Lung level:-
Po2 inside alveoli -104 mmhg
Po2 inside alveoli inthe capilliary is 40mmhg
Tissue level:-
Po2 inside capillaries- 95mmhg
Po2 inside the cell- 40 mmhg
O2 content in arterial blood - 19.4 ml/dl
O2 content in venous blood - 14.4 ml /dl
Therefore coefficient of o2 utilisation = ao2-vo2/a02*100=25%
Method of transportation of o2:-
Physical solution-dissolved in plasma
3% of o2
Significance needed during rigorous exercise
ii)oxyheamoglobin:-major form of transport account for 97% o2 transport
-o2 carrying capacity -1gmhb - 1.34 ml of o2
1.34*15=20 ml
Oxygenation with Hb is reversible process
4 o2 molecule attach to 4 ferrous atoms in the heme part of Hb
-attachment is stepwise doesnot occur simultaneously
Oxygen dissociation curve:-
This the curve showing relationship between p02 and saturation of Hb with 02
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Feature :-
Sigmoid shape heam -heam interaction
Steep phase -dissociation of o2 from oxyHb
Plate phase association of o2 with Hb
At higher altitude ,60 mmhg =po2
-No hypoxia because 93% of saturation of Hb with o2 occurs
-Po2 increases above 120mmhg and saturation ramains 97%
-Arterial venous shunt(baseline vein drain into left ventricle)
-uneven ventilation more in apex /perfusion les in apex in lung therefore 97%
-p50 level po2 at which Hb is 50%of saturated ith o2 occurs
-in normal condition 96mmHg
-p50 level goes down in he case of foetal Hb
Due to 2 alpha and 2 gamma has affinity for o2 move
-po2 at 40 mmhg is the physiological condition
-po2 at 20 mmhg during rigourous excercise rapid dissociatio of o2 for o2 hb occurs
Factors affecting OD curve :-
Factors shifting OD curve right:-
CO2 increases
ii)H+ ions /ph decreases
iii) bodytemprature
iv)2,3 diphosphoglycerate
#bhors effect -its the condition which shift the OD curve to right
-it is the influence of co2 on release of o2 dissociation of o2 as co2 concentration increases following reaction occurs-
Co2+h2o----h2co3-hco3+h+
oxyHb --hb +O2 --HHb
Factors affecting OD Curve left:-
Co2 decreases
ii)ph increases
iii)temperature decreases
iv)2,3DPG decreases
v)fetal Hb because it has 2 alpha and 2 gamma chain ,more affinity for 02 building
vi)oxymyoglobin-its more in fast running animals -like cheetah,deer less in humans
Therefore myoglobin can dissociate 02 only when p 02 falls between 5mmHg
Respiratory changes during exercise:-
Exercise :-purposeful increases physical activity to improve the physical fitness of the individual
Types:-
1)MILD EXCERCISE -NO CHANGE IN CADIO RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
2)moderate exercise -fast walking , cardio respiratory change occurs
3)rigorous exercise -eg:-swimming cardio respiratory changes.
Respiratory changes during moderate and rigorous exercise
O2 debt:-it is the extra amount of o2 required during the recovery period after exercise
For the following process it is required because
o2 is required for the following reversal process
-the high energy bonds ATP and CP (CREATININE PHOSPHATE)during exercise has convent in to its reduced form therefore resynthesize of ATP and CP requires more o2
-the oxy -myoglobin are reduces toHHb andH myoglobin restoration of of oxy Hb and oxy myoglobin requires more o2
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