Events in swing phases:-40%OF CYCLE
1)EARLY SWING PHASE /INITIAL SWING PHASE
begins once te toe leaves ground and continues until mid swing
-this phase also refered to as initial swing
2)MID SWING :_
OCCURS APPROXIMATELY when the extremity passes directly beneath the body or from the end of acceleration to the begininng of decelearation
3)late swing
occur after mid swing when the limb is decelarating in preparation for heel strike .
gait terminology:_
time and distance are two basic parameters of motion and measurmentof these variables to provide a basic description of gait.
-each variable may be affected by such factors as age sex height size and shape of bony components joint mobility muscle strength type of clothing psychological status.
temporoal variable :_stance time ,single support time, double suport time ,swing time stride time ,step time ,cadence ,speed.
distance variable :-
stride length,steplength ,width, degree of toe out
1)stance time :-is the amount of time that elapses during the stance phase one extremity in a gait cycle
2)single support time:-is the amount of time that elapses during the period when only one extremity is on the supporting surface ina gait cycle.
3)double support time :-it is the amount of time spent with both feet on the ground during one gait cycle.
this time span is on elderely people and those with balance disorders
the % of time spent decreases as the speed of walking increases.
4)stride time refers to the amount of time is taken to accomplish one stride .
one stride for normal adult is 1 sec.
5)step time :-refers to the amount of time spent to complete one single step
-measures as seconds per step.,
6)cadance :-it is the number of steps take by aperson per unit time
-can be measured as teh number of steps per sec or per minute but measuring in minute is more common.
walking speed:-
it is the rate to the linear forward motion of the body which can be measured in meters per sec
- aperson in normal comfortable speed of gait may be refered to as preferd gait ,,self selected ,natural.
-slow and fast speed of referd slower or faster than the persons confortable walking speeed.
degree of toe out
it is the angle formed by each foots line of progression and a line of intersecting the center of the second toe angle for men 7 degree ,the degree of toe out decreases as speed of toe out decreases as the speed of walking increases in normal men
stepwidth:-linear distance between the midpoint of the heel of the one and the same point on the either foot
step length:-it is the linear distance between the point of strike of one extremity and point heel strike opposite extremity.
stride length:-determined by measuring the linear distance from the point of one heel strike one one extremity to the point of next heel strike of the same extremity
pathological gait:-
1)spastic gait:-
circumductory gait,dragging gait,robotic gait quadriplegic gait
2)flaccid:-waddling gait ,gluteus maximas gait,quadriceps gait,foot drop gait
3)cerebellar lesion gait:-ataxic gait,genurecurvatum gait,hemiplegic gait
antalgic gait:-gait due to pain
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