-the primary motion allowed at ankle joint are dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
-ROM for dorsiflexion is =20 degree and for plantar flexion =50 degree
-10 degree of ankle dorsiflexion is considered the minimal amount needed to ambulate the deviation.
musculative dorsiflexion:_
active or passive tension in the triceps surae (gastrocnemius and soleus ) is the primary limitation to dorsiflexion
-less ankle dorsiflexion range of motion is seen with the knee extended than when the knee is in flexion .
-this is because of the lengthening of gastrocnemius muscle across 2 joints when the knee is extended
-ankle dorsiflexion is limited by soleus and post talocrural joint capsule when the knee is extended.
plantar flexion:-
tension is tibialis anterior ,extensor hallucis longus ,extensor digitorum profundas
tibialis posterior , flexor hallucis longus.flexor digitorum longus helps to protect medial aspect ankle
1)calcaneo valgus :- increase in medial angle between the calcaneous and posterior leg
2) calcaneo varus -decrease in medial angle between the calcaneous and posterior leg
ligaments that provide stability to the mortise and therefore the stability of the ankle
- crural tibio fibular interossius ligament.
- anterior and posterior tibio fibular ligament
- tibio fibular interossus membrane.
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