Adolescent back pain

 Adolescent back pain is a relatively common complaint and can arise from various causes—ranging from benign, posture-related issues to more serious medical conditions. Here's an overview:


🔍 Common Causes of Adolescent Back Pain

  1. Postural issues:

    • Prolonged sitting with poor posture (e.g., slouching at school, gaming).

    • Heavy school backpacks (especially if carried on one shoulder).

  2. Muscle strain or overuse:

    • From sports, gym workouts, or sudden increase in physical activity.

  3. Growth-related conditions:

    • Scheuermann's disease: A structural deformity of the thoracic spine causing kyphosis.

    • Scoliosis: Lateral curvature of the spine, sometimes painful.

    • Apophyseal ring fractures: Especially in very active teens.

  4. Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis:

    • Common in athletes (e.g., gymnasts, cricketers).

    • A stress fracture (spondylolysis) that can progress to vertebral slippage (spondylolisthesis).

  5. Inflammatory conditions:

    • Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

    • Ankylosing spondylitis (particularly if pain is worse at night or early morning).

  6. Infections or tumors (rare but serious):

    • Vertebral osteomyelitis, discitis, or spinal tumors should be considered if pain is constant, worsening, or associated with systemic symptoms (fever, weight loss).


⚠️ Red Flags to Watch For

Immediate medical evaluation is needed if:

  • Pain is constant, worsening, or severe.

  • Night pain or pain that wakes them up.

  • Neurological symptoms (numbness, weakness, bowel/bladder changes).

  • Fever, weight loss, fatigue.

  • History of trauma or malignancy.


🧘‍♂️ Management Strategies

  • Physiotherapy: Core strengthening, posture correction, flexibility training.

  • Lifestyle changes: Ergonomic furniture, backpack modifications.

  • Pain management: Ice/heat packs, NSAIDs (as advised by a doctor).

  • Medical evaluation: For persistent or unexplained cases.

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